Transactive energy and peer-to-peer trading are key enablers of distributed energy markets. Optimization models drive these systems, but a systematic taxonomy linking models to prosumer flexibility, EV coordination, and grid constraints is lacking. This article develops a taxonomy of transactive energy and P2P trading optimization models. It classifies models according to their treatment of prosumer flexibility, EV integration, and local network constraints. A structured literature review of 27 articles published between 2017 and 2025 was conducted. Models were categorized across market, optimization, flexibility, EV, and network-integration dimensions. The taxonomy organizes models by market mechanism, optimization method, and depth of grid and flexibility integration. It reveals significant gaps in holistic multi-vector coordination. The taxonomy provides a systematic framework for comparing optimization models in local energy markets. It also identifies research needs for integrated, grid-aware, flexibility-oriented transactive systems.
Institute of Smart Energy Systems Press