TY - JOUR
T1 - A Bilevel Optimization Model for Coordinating Residential Demand Response, Rooftop PV, and Battery Storage under Distribution-Feeder Congestion Constraints
AU - Lucia Romano
AU - Marco Bellini
AU - Paolo Greco
JF - Journal of Smart Grids, Energy Analytics and Optimization
JO - J Smart Grids Energy Anal Optim
Y1 - 2024
VL - 3
IS - 1
SP - 4
N2 - Residential prosumers with rooftop photovoltaic systems and behind-the-meter batteries are changing the operating conditions of low-voltage and medium-voltage distribution feeders. When these resources respond independently to retail tariffs, their aggregate behavior can intensify reverse power flows, transformer loading, and voltage excursions. This paper proposes a bilevel optimization model that coordinates residential demand response, rooftop photovoltaic generation, and battery storage under distribution-feeder congestion constraints. The objective is to align prosumer economic decisions with distribution system operator requirements for congestion relief and voltage compliance. The upper-level problem represents the distribution system operator and minimizes feeder congestion, voltage deviations, and coordination costs. The lower-level problem represents residential prosumers that minimize their individual energy costs through load shifting, photovoltaic self-consumption, and battery dispatch. The proposed formulation produces coordinated schedules that reduce peak feeder loading and voltage violations relative to uncoordinated operation. Battery arbitrage and flexible demand are redirected from purely price-driven operation toward feeder-aware congestion mitigation. The bilevel coordination framework provides an operational method for managing residential distributed energy resources without replacing prosumer autonomy. It enables distribution system operators to procure flexibility while maintaining economically rational prosumer behavior.
UR - https://isespub.com/d287573648
ER -